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CHAPTER 2
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Establishing an HN infrastructure capable of conducting self-sustaining, long-term demining operations requires the integrated efforts of ARSOF, private sector NGOs and PVOs, and specialized personnel. The SF element may conduct an entire demining training program, but this effort greatly stretches SF resources based on the average time frame of 90 to 120 days to train an HN infrastructure. To provide the best training within a reasonable time frame, all ARSOF assets and specialty personnel should be used if available. However, using various assets leads to a diverse organizational makeup of the mission team that at times causes problems with unity of command. The SOC demining chief is responsible for the success of the mission and coordinates the integrated efforts of the demining training team. All ARSOF elements should be as complete as possible.
DEMINING TRAINING TEAM
The demining training team should be tailored to meet mission requirements based on the CINC mission assessment. An integrated ARSOF team normally includes the following elements:
NOTE: Marine EOD specialists may make live mines inert for training aids in demining training. By regulation, however, U.S. Army EOD personnel may not perform this task.
NGOs or U.S. Government contractors can be directly integrated into demining train- ing teams or implemented separately in support of the demining mission. NGOs may fulfill several key roles, such as—
HOST NATION NATIONAL DEMINING ORGANIZATION
National-level demining is a task best accomplished in peacetime by a single-purpose organization. It is an extremely slow, labor-intensive task that consumes an inordinate amount of manpower compared to the results produced. Because it is so dependent on manual labor, the HN organization is of necessity very large. No standard national demining organization can be applied to HDO, as each HN organization varies significantly based upon its unique strengths, capabilities, and limitations. A baseline indigenous organization (Figure 2-1) and structure follow that are a basic guide in defining organizational parameters. Tailor organi-zational elements to the capability and manpower levels of the specific country.
National Demining Headquarters
The national demining HQ is responsible for planning, integrating, and prioritiz-ing the country’s demining effort. It may effectively command and control one to three regional demining HQ, one demining school, and one mine awareness cell. The HQ consists of approximately 33 personnel. Components of the national HQ (Figure 2-2) include safety and quality-assurance officers (who reportdirectly to the director), as well as liaison officers (LNOs) from other national entities and related agencies, such as NGOs. The national HQ also includes the following various components:
Figure 2-1. Baseline indigenous demining organization.
Figure 2-2. Baseline national demining headquarters.
Regional Demining Headquarters
A regional demining HQ is established by the NDO in an area where the mine problem is most significant. It has approximately 14 personnel and can control up to 3 mine clearance companies effectively. The regional HQ is responsible for regionally employing the following three elements in an integrated, cohesive manner to neutralize designated mine threats based on the national priorities.
Survey and Marking Teams
These teams collect information and intelligence on the location of minefields, the types of mines, and the exact dimensions of the minefields on the ground. Once a minefield is identified, these teams mark the field and coordinate with the mine awareness cell to start a passive demining information operation in the area.
Mine Clearance Companies
A mine clearance company consists of a company HQ and four operational de-mining platoons. The HQ consists of approximately five personnel with positions allocated for a communications specialist and one to two medics. Each demining platoon consists of a platoon HQ and four mine clearance squads. Within the platoon HQ, one position is allocated for a communications specialist and one allocated for a medic. Each demining squad consists of a nine-man element that can be subdivided into either two four-man prober teams or four two-man teams with one position allocated for the squad leader. All members of the squad and team should be able to operate the detector and the probe and be able to destroy mines.
Emergency Clearance Teams
These teams are capable of identifying high-priority mines, as well as taking steps to neutralize immediate threats to life and property.
NOTE: Elements of the survey teams and emergency clearance teams may be attached to the national demining HQ based on the HN’s situation.
Demining School
The demining school prepares soldiers to conduct mine awareness and mine clearance operations, ensuring qualified personnel for the operational elements are trained to standard. The demining school consists of approximately 8 to 12 personnel.
Mine Awareness Cell
The mine awareness cell is responsible for controlling the following elements in establishing a print and broadcast information campaign that assists in conducting passive demining throughout the HN.
Public Awareness Team
The public awareness team is responsible for implementing information campaigns. Employing print and broadcast media, the team helps conduct passive demining throughout the country and promotes the objectives of the HN demining effort.
Mine Awareness Training Team
The mine awareness training team is responsible for preparing soldiers to conduct mine awareness operations, ensuring qualified personnel for the operational public awareness teams are trained to standard. The mine awareness training team has approximately four to eight personnel.